यदि वर्षा होती है, तो सड़कें गीली हो जाती हैं। सड़कें गीली हैं। अतः वर्षा हुई। यह:
Aएक अमान्य हेत्वाभास (an invalid fallacy) है
Bएक वैध निगमन (a valid deduction) है
Cएक ठोस तर्क (a sound argument) है
Dमोडस टोलेंस (modus tollens) है
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. एक अमान्य हेत्वाभास (an invalid fallacy) है
सड़कें अन्य कारणों से भी गीली हो सकती हैं, इसलिए परिणाम से पूर्ववृत्त का निष्कर्ष निकालना 'परिणाम की पुष्टि का हेत्वाभास' (fallacy of affirming the consequent) कहलाता है।
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