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Silver ($Z = 47$) has a fully-filled $4d^{10}$ configuration in its ground state. Despite this, it is still classified as a transition element because:
AIt belongs to the d-block of the periodic table
BIn its common $+2$ oxidation state, it has the incompletely filled $4d^9$ configuration
CIt is a metal with high density
DIt conducts electricity well
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. In its common $+2$ oxidation state, it has the incompletely filled $4d^9$ configuration
A transition element is defined as one having (or capable of having) an incompletely filled d-subshell in any of its commonly occurring oxidation states. Although ground-state $\mathrm{Ag}$ has $4d^{10}$, the $+2$ oxidation state of silver gives $4d^9$, so Silver qualifies as a transition element. By the same criterion Zn (always $d^{10}$ in its observed oxidation states) is **not** considered a transition metal in the strict sense.
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