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Acid-catalysed hydrolysis of ethyl acetate, $\mathrm{CH_3COOC_2H_5 + H_2O \to CH_3COOH + C_2H_5OH}$, follows pseudo first-order kinetics. The pseudo first-order behaviour arises because:
AEster is a weak nucleophile
BThe reaction is intrinsically a one-step process
CWater is present in large excess and its concentration is effectively constant
DThe acid catalyst makes the overall order equal to one
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. Water is present in large excess and its concentration is effectively constant
The true rate law is $\text{Rate} = k[\mathrm{ester}][\mathrm{H_2O}]$, second order overall. Because water is the solvent and present in huge excess, $[\mathrm{H_2O}]$ stays essentially unchanged through the reaction and is absorbed into a new constant $k' = k[\mathrm{H_2O}]$. The observed rate then reduces to $\text{Rate} = k'[\mathrm{ester}]$, which is first order in form, hence the name pseudo first-order.
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