Hardness of transition metals suggests covalent bonding through
Ainner noble gas cores
Bfilled s orbital pairs
Cunpaired (n-1)d electrons
Dlone pairs on ligands
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. unpaired (n-1)d electrons
Unpaired (n-1)d electrons allow covalent bonding in addition to metallic bonding, which hardens the metal.
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