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Transition elements show a great variety of oxidation states because

Aonly ns electrons are ever lost
Bd electrons never take part
Cboth ns and (n-1)d electrons react
Dthey have no s electrons at all
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. both ns and (n-1)d electrons react
The 4s and 3d electrons are close in energy, so successive loss of both gives many oxidation states.
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