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Copper is 3d10 4s1, not 3d9 4s2, mainly because
AFilled d10 is extra stable
B4s lies below 4p in copper
C3d9 would enlarge the radius
D4s cannot hold two electrons
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. Filled d10 is extra stable
Copper promotes one 4s electron to reach the completely filled d10 set, which is relatively more stable than d9.
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