Industrial melanism in **Biston betularia (peppered moth)** is a classic example of:
- Genetic drift
- Lamarckian inheritance
- Natural selection (directional)
- Bottleneck effect
Show answer and solution
Correct answer: C. Natural selection (directional)
**Before industrialisation:** pale, lichen-camouflaged moths predominated.
After soot blackened tree trunks, dark (carbonaria) form became favoured by selection (camouflaged from predatory birds).
A directional natural-selection example.