Gandhi articulated Hind Swaraj as a critique of:
- modern industrial civilization
- Indian caste system
- British military rule only
- religious pluralism
Show answer and solution
Correct answer: A. modern industrial civilization
1. "Hind Swaraj" (1909) critiques Western modernity itself.
2. Gandhi argued railways, doctors, lawyers entrench colonialism.
3. True swaraj requires moral self-rule, not just political independence.
__Source: syllabus Politics in India Since Independence — Gandhian thought__