**Charles Darwin** published his theory of evolution by natural selection in the book:
- The Origin of Species (1859)
- Principles of Geology (1830)
- The Mutation Theory (1901)
- Mendel's Laws (1865)
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Correct answer: A. The Origin of Species (1859)
Darwin published 'On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection' in 1859, after his Beagle voyage and observations on Galápagos finches and tortoises.