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JAMB UTME Chemistry — practice by topic

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Acid-Base Equilibria (29)

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Under the Bronsted-Lowry definition, what does an acid do?Read the answer and worked solution →What is transferred in a Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction?Read the answer and worked solution →What is left after an acid has donated its proton?Read the answer and worked solution →A base accepts a proton. What is the species it becomes called?Read the answer and worked solution →

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Under the Bronsted-Lowry definition, what does an acid do?

  1. It donates a proton to another compound
  2. It accepts a proton from another compound
  3. It donates an electron pair to a base
  4. It accepts an electron pair from a base
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Correct answer: A. It donates a proton to another compound

1. The Bronsted-Lowry model is built around the proton, the hydrogen ion. 2. Whichever compound hands that proton over is the acid. 3. Whichever compound takes it up is the base. 4. Donating or accepting an electron pair is the Lewis model, a later and more general one. _Source: OpenStax Chemistry (CC BY 4.0), Ch 14 "Acid-Base Equilibria", section 14.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases_

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What is transferred in a Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction?

  1. A neutron, from base to acid
  2. A proton, from acid to base
  3. An electron, from acid to base
  4. A hydroxide ion, from acid to base
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Correct answer: B. A proton, from acid to base

1. The reaction is defined entirely by the movement of one particle. 2. That particle is the proton, and it travels from the donor to the acceptor. 3. The donor is the acid and the acceptor is the base, by definition. 4. Nothing in the model requires water, so it covers reactions the Arrhenius picture cannot. _Source: OpenStax Chemistry (CC BY 4.0), Ch 14 "Acid-Base Equilibria", section 14.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases_

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What is left after an acid has donated its proton?

  1. Its conjugate acid
  2. A neutral salt
  3. Its conjugate base
  4. A hydronium ion
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Correct answer: C. Its conjugate base

1. Losing a proton leaves a species one hydrogen ion short of the original acid. 2. That species is called the conjugate base of the acid. 3. It counts as a base because it can take the proton back and re-form the acid. 4. So HF gives the fluoride ion, and sulfuric acid gives the hydrogensulfate ion. _Source: OpenStax Chemistry (CC BY 4.0), Ch 14 "Acid-Base Equilibria", section 14.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases_

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