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Hormones differ from neurotransmitters chiefly in that hormones:
ANever need to bind to a receptor to have any effect
BTravel in the bloodstream and act widely and slowly
CAre released only from neurons inside of the brain
DProduce faster and more localised effects on tissue
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. Travel in the bloodstream and act widely and slowly
1. Both hormones and neurotransmitters are chemical messengers, and both must bind to a receptor to send their signal, which rules out option A.
2. Neurotransmitters are released close to cells carrying their receptors, so their effects are localised.
3. Hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body, affecting any cells with matching receptors, so their effects are widespread.
4. The chapter adds that hormones are slower to take effect and tend to be longer lasting, which is the reverse of option D.
_Source: OpenStax Psychology (1st ed., CC BY 4.0), Ch 3 "Biopsychology", §3.5 The Endocrine System_
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