INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW recognises the principle of 'COMMON BU…

Question

INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW recognises the principle of 'COMMON BUT DIFFERENTIATED RESPONSIBILITIES' (CBDR), explicitly adopted in:

Accepted Answer

A. Rio Declaration on Environment and Development 1992, Principle 7; further institutionalised in UNFCCC 1992 and Paris Agreement 2015

1. The principle of COMMON BUT DIFFERENTIATED RESPONSIBILITIES (CBDR) recognises that while all States share responsibility for global environmental protection, their contribution and capability differ.
2. Rio Declaration 1992, Principle 7: 'States shall cooperate in a spirit of global partnership to conserve, protect and restore the health and integrity of the Earth's ecosystem. In view of the different contributions to global environmental degradation, States have common but differentiated responsibilities.'
3. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change 1992 (UNFCCC) Article 3 codifies CBDR.
4. Paris Agreement 2015 reaffirms 'common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances'.
5. Hence option B is correct.
_Source: UN Charter 1945 / Vienna Convention on Law of Treaties 1969 / Geneva Conventions 1949 / ICJ Statute / UDHR ICCPR ICESCR — Rio Declaration 1992, Principle 7; UNFCCC 1992, Article 3; Paris Agreement 2015, Article 2(2)_

Answer

the UN Charter 1945, Article 51 on self-defence (cf. Rio Declaration 1992, Principle 7; UNFCCC 1992, Article 3; Paris Agreement 2015, Article 2(2))

Answer

the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961 alone (cf. Rio Declaration 1992, Principle 7; UNFCCC 1992, Article 3; Paris Agreement 2015, Article 2(2))

Answer

the Geneva Conventions of 1949 in the context of armed conflict (cf. Rio Declaration 1992, Principle 7; UNFCCC 1992, Article 3; Paris Agreement 2015, Article 2(2))