According to the lesson, the standard of proof required in **civil cas…

Question

According to the lesson, the standard of proof required in **civil cases** versus **criminal cases** is:

Accepted Answer

B. {'text': 'Civil: mere preponderance of probability; Criminal: beyond all reasonable doubt amounting to moral certainty', 'label': 'B'}

1. Lesson 11 contrasts the two standards expressly.
2. **Civil cases**: the principle of **mere preponderance of probability** is the sufficient basis of a decision.
3. **Criminal cases**: the higher standard of **beyond all reasonable doubt** applies; the persuasion of guilt must amount to moral certainty.
4. This rule is judge-made but firmly embedded in Section 3 and the structure of the Act.
_Source: ICSI CS Executive Paper 1 — Jurisprudence, Interpretation & General Laws, Lesson 11 (Indian Evidence Act, 1872), pp. 251-272._

Answer

{'text': 'Civil: beyond all reasonable doubt; Criminal: mere preponderance of probability sufficient for any decision under any provision of the Act', 'label': 'A'}

Answer

{'text': 'Civil and criminal: identical standard of beyond all reasonable doubt in every case under the Act regardless of nature of proceeding involved', 'label': 'C'}

Answer

{'text': 'Civil and criminal: identical standard of mere preponderance of probability under the Act regardless of nature of proceeding involved', 'label': 'D'}