In PUDR v. Union of India (Asiad Workers Case), AIR 1982 SC 1473, the Supreme Court interpreted 'begar' under Article 23 to mean:
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C.
1. In PUDR (Asiad Workers Case), Bhagwati J. held that 'begar' under Article 23 is not confined to forced UNPAID labour but extends to ALL forms of forced labour, including paying less than the prescribed minimum wage.
2. The Court held that an employer who pays below the minimum wage commits a constitutional wrong actionable under Article 23.
3. Voluntary social service is excluded; bonded labour is one particular sub-category, not exhaustive.
4. Hence option B is correct.
_Source: Constitution of India (Bare Act, updated to 105th Amendment Act 2021), Govt. of India Legislative Dept., PUDR v. Union of India, AIR 1982 SC 1473 (Asiad Workers Case)_
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