In E. P. Royappa v. State of Tamil Nadu, AIR 1974 SC 555, the Supreme Court expanded Article 14 by holding that:
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A.
1. Bhagwati J. in Royappa held: 'Equality is a dynamic concept with many aspects and dimensions and it cannot be cribbed, cabined and confined within traditional and doctrinaire limits.'
2. He added the famous formulation: 'equality and arbitrariness are sworn enemies' — any arbitrary State action is, eo ipso, violative of Article 14.
3. This 'arbitrariness doctrine' supplemented the older Anwar Ali Sarkar twin test.
4. The 'compelling State interest' test belongs to American constitutional law and was not adopted in Royappa.
_Source: Constitution of India (Bare Act, updated to 105th Amendment Act 2021), Govt. of India Legislative Dept., E. P. Royappa v. State of Tamil Nadu, AIR 1974 SC 555_
Related questions
In National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) v. Union of India, (2014) 5 SCC 438, the SuprThe Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act, 2019 — providing 10 per cent reservation for EconoArticle 131 of the Constitution confers on the Supreme Court of India:Which case overruled the proposition in A. K. Gopalan v. State of Madras, AIR 1950 SC 27 tArticles 280 (Finance Commission) and 281 (recommendations of the Finance Commission) beloThe Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution lists subjects that may be devolved by State LegArticles 243 to 243-O of the Constitution, inserted by the 73rd Amendment Act, 1992, deal The Sixth Schedule of the Constitution provides for the administration of tribal areas in