Strict construction is to be applied to certain classes of statutes, while liberal (beneficial) construction is preferred for others. Which combination correctly identifies the typical pairing?

1. The ICSI text refers to Wiberforce on Statute Law: ***'Strict construction'*** means **'Acts are not to be regarded as including anything which is not within their letter as well as their spirit, which is not clearly and intelligibly described in the very words of the statute as well as manifestly intended'**. 2. ***'Liberal construction'*** means **'everything is to be done in advancement of the remedy that can be done consistently with any construction of the statute'**. 3. **Beneficial construction to suppress the mischief and advance the remedy is generally preferred** for remedial / beneficial statutes; **strict construction is the traditional rule for penal and tax statutes** (and for any statute imposing a burden on the citizen). 4. The other pairings (Constitution / criminal, procedure / tax exemption, international / municipal) do not match the established interpretive convention. _Source: ICSI CS Executive — Lesson 3, 'Strict and Liberal Construction', p. 90._