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Hooke's law (linear elastic regime): ![diagram](https://qallery.app/diagrams/v2_nptel_som_seed_1/img-8.jpeg)

ANo relation
BAlways
CStress alone
Dσ = Eε (stress proportional to strain)
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. σ = Eε (stress proportional to strain)
Within elastic limit (proportional limit), stress and strain are linearly related: σ = Eε, where E = Young's modulus. Slope of initial linear portion of stress-strain diagram. For steel E ≈ 200 GPa. Beyond yield → plastic deformation.
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