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Cognitive dissonance can arise from inconsistency among attitudes, behaviors and:
AReflexes
BHormones
CSensations
DCognitions
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. Cognitions
1. Festinger's definition names three kinds of element that can clash.
2. He defined cognitive dissonance as psychological discomfort arising from holding two or more inconsistent attitudes, behaviors, or cognitions.
3. Cognitions are thoughts, beliefs, or opinions.
4. So a clash between a belief and an action produces the same discomfort as a clash between two beliefs.
5. Reflexes and hormones are physiological rather than cognitive elements.
_Source: OpenStax Psychology 2e (CC BY 4.0), Ch 12 'Social Psychology', sections 12.1-12.5_
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