A biological community consists of the different species in an area plus:

1. A community is more than a list of the species present. 2. A biological community consists of the different species within an area, typically a three-dimensional space. 3. It also includes the interactions within and among these species. 4. Those interactions are what community ecologists actually study. _Source: OpenStax Biology for AP(R) Courses (CC BY 4.0), Ch 35 'Ecology and the Biosphere', sections 35.1-35.5_