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Rumination, as it appears in cognitive accounts of depression, refers to which pattern?
ARehearsing an argument before a difficult conversation
BPassively dwelling on being depressed and on its symptoms
CRecalling childhood events in vivid sensory detail
DPlanning small daily tasks to restore lost motivation
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. Passively dwelling on being depressed and on its symptoms
1. Rumination is a repetitive and passive focus on the fact of being depressed, and a dwelling on the symptoms themselves.
2. It is contrasted with distracting oneself from the symptoms or addressing them in an active, problem-solving way.
3. Planning small daily tasks is exactly that active alternative, so it is the opposite of rumination.
4. The tendency to ruminate is linked to rising depressive symptoms, higher risk of major depressive episodes and longer episodes.
_Source: OpenStax Psychology (1st ed., CC BY 4.0), Ch 15 "Psychological Disorders", section 15.7 Mood Disorders_
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