Read these lines: "He did not steal for joy of it, but because of the clamor of his stomach. He did not rob openly, but stole secretly and cunningly, out of respect for club and fang. In short, the things he did were done because it was easier to do them than not to do them." What does the last sentence do?

1. 1. The first two sentences each give a reason: hunger drove the theft, and fear of club and fang made it secret. 2. 2. The words in short signal a summary rather than a new idea. 3. 3. The rule offered, that he acted because it was easier than not acting, covers both earlier reasons at once. 4. 4. No new character appears, so option B is wrong. 5. 5. The sentence agrees with what came before rather than denying it, ruling out option C. 6. 6. It states a rule and asks nothing of the reader, ruling out option D. _Source: The Call of the Wild by Jack London (1903)_