Just as internal energy U depends only on a system's current state, what does the source say about entropy S in this same respect?
AEntropy depends on the path taken, unlike internal energy
BEntropy also depends only on the state of the system, not on how it got there
CEntropy is undefined except during reversible processes
DEntropy can be computed only from Boltzmann's formula, never from Q/T
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. Entropy also depends only on the state of the system, not on how it got there
1. Internal energy U is a property of a system's current state, fixed once pressure, volume and temperature are known, regardless of history.
2. The source draws a direct parallel for entropy, stating that entropy S, like internal energy U, depends only on the state of the system and not on how it reached that condition.
3. This is exactly why entropy for an irreversible process can be found by imagining any convenient reversible process between the same two states, which contradicts option C's claim that entropy is undefined outside reversible processes.
4. Both ΔS = Q/T and the statistical formula S = k ln W are usable ways to find entropy in the source, not just one of them exclusively, ruling out option D, and option A has the state-dependence backward.
_Source: OpenStax College Physics (CC BY 4.0), Ch 15 "Thermodynamics", section 15.6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Disorder and the Unavailability of Energy_
Related questions
A perfect crystal at 0 K has W equal to 1, which makes its entropy:Boltzmann's model related the entropy of a system to which quantity?An endothermic process that involves an increase in system entropy is spontaneous when temA process whose enthalpy and entropy changes share the same arithmetic sign will show:At minus 10.00 degrees Celsius the entropy change of the universe for melting is negative,Melting is described as spontaneous at 10.00 degrees Celsius because at that temperature:Free energy is described as the energy available to do useful work, being the difference bBesides indicating spontaneity, the free energy change gives information about the amount