During an endergonic reaction driven by adenosine triphosphate, what does the transfer of the third phosphate group to the substrate achieve?
AIt converts the substrate directly into water
BIt permanently locks the enzyme to the product
CIt removes the enzyme from the reaction
DIt transfers energy and activates the substrate
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. It transfers energy and activates the substrate
1. Adenosine triphosphate, the substrate and the enzyme first form a temporary intermediate complex.
2. Inside that complex the third phosphate group moves onto the substrate, carrying its energy with it.
3. That transfer is called phosphorylation and it activates the substrate.
4. When the complex breaks apart the energy modifies the substrate into the product, and adenosine diphosphate plus a free phosphate ion are released for recycling.
_Source: OpenStax Biology (1st ed., CC BY 4.0), Ch 7 "Cellular Respiration", section 7.1 Energy in Living Systems_
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