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Dichromate ion oxidizes iron(II) in acid to give iron(III) and chromium(III). Which balanced equation is correct?
A6Fe2+ + Cr2O7 2- + 14H+ gives 6Fe3+ + 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
B3Fe2+ + Cr2O7 2- + 14H+ gives 3Fe3+ + 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
C6Fe2+ + Cr2O7 2- + 7H+ gives 6Fe3+ + 2Cr3+ + 14H2O
D2Fe2+ + Cr2O7 2- + 14H+ gives 2Fe3+ + 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. 6Fe2+ + Cr2O7 2- + 14H+ gives 6Fe3+ + 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
1. The iron half-reaction is Fe2+ giving Fe3+ plus one electron.
2. For chromium, balance Cr first: Cr2O7 2- gives 2Cr3+.
3. Balance the 7 oxygen atoms with 7 water molecules on the right.
4. Those waters need 14 hydrogen atoms, so add 14 H+ on the left.
5. Charge on the left is now 12+ and on the right 6+, so add 6 electrons on the left.
6. Multiply the iron half-reaction by 6 so that 6 electrons appear in each half.
7. Adding and cancelling the 6 electrons gives 6Fe2+ + Cr2O7 2- + 14H+ giving 6Fe3+ + 2Cr3+ + 7H2O.
8. Options with 3 or 2 iron ions do not supply the 6 electrons the chromium half needs.
_Source: OpenStax Chemistry (CC BY 4.0), Ch 4 "Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions", section 4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions_
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