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In the sexual deception used by Chiloglottis trapeziformis, what does the orchid emit?
AA sugar rich nectar that feeds male wasps
BA compound smelling like a female wasp pheromone
CA sticky resin that traps visiting male wasps
DA bitter alkaloid that repels rival pollinators
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. A compound smelling like a female wasp pheromone
1. Flowers usually attract pollinators with a food reward such as nectar, but some orchids cheat.
2. In food deception, bright colours and perfumes are offered but no food, as in the green-winged orchid pollinated by bumblebees.
3. In sexual deception, Chiloglottis trapeziformis emits a compound that smells the same as the pheromone of a female wasp.
4. The male wasp is drawn to the scent, lands on the flower, and transfers pollen in the process.
5. The Australian hammer orchid goes further, mimicking the appearance of a female wasp as well as emitting a pheromone.
6. Offering real nectar would not be deception at all, which is why the first option contradicts the strategy.
_Source: OpenStax Biology (1st ed., CC BY 4.0), Ch 32 "Plant Reproduction", section 32.2 Pollination and Fertilization_
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