According to the Biot–Savart law, the magnitude of the field dB produced by a current element I dl at distance r, where θ is the angle between dl and r, is:
A(μ₀/4π)(I dl sin θ) / r²
B(μ₀/4π)(I dl cos θ) / r²
C(μ₀/4π)(I dl sin θ) / r
D(μ₀/4π)(I dl tan θ) / r²
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. (μ₀/4π)(I dl sin θ) / r²
1. Biot–Savart law in vector form: $d\mathbf{B} = \dfrac{\mu_0}{4\pi}\dfrac{I\,d\mathbf{l}\times\mathbf{r}}{r^3}$.
2. The magnitude of $d\mathbf{l}\times\mathbf{r}$ is $dl\, r\sin\theta$.
3. So $|d\mathbf{B}| = \dfrac{\mu_0}{4\pi}\dfrac{I\,dl\,r\sin\theta}{r^3} = \dfrac{\mu_0}{4\pi}\dfrac{I\,dl\sin\theta}{r^2}$.
4. The inverse-square dependence on $r$ rules out the $1/r$ option.
_Source: syllabus Physics Ch 4 "Moving Charges and Magnetism", p.143_
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