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B.Tech Civil Durability of Concrete — practice questions

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Per §8.1, which of the following is NOT listed by the source as an EXTERNAL (environmental) factor affecting dPer §8.2, the gel pores of hydrated cement paste have a porosity of about 28 percent but contribute LITTLE to Per §8.2, ways listed in the source to IMPROVE the impermeability of concrete include all EXCEPT:Per §8.3.1, which sulphate's action on hydrated cement is described as the most severe because it decomposes tPer §8.3.1, sulphate-resisting Portland cement provides high resistance because it is manufactured with a contPer §8.3.2, in marine structures the MOST severe attack by sea water on concrete is observed:Per Table 8.3, for plain concrete in 'severe' exposure the source recommends a minimum cement content of:Per §8.4.1, the thermal conductivity of concrete is shown by the source to DEPEND on all the following EXCEPT:Per §8.4.3, concrete typically shows little loss of strength up to approximately what temperature?Per §8.5.1, freezing of water in fresh concrete is hazardous mainly because the ice lens formation causes:Per §8.5.2, freezing of water in HARDENED concrete is estimated to exert internal pressure of approximately:Per §8.5.5 (ASTM frost-damage durability factor), the test is run for 300 cycles or until the dynamic modulus Per §8.6, which definition is correct?Per §8.6, cavitation resistance of concrete is best improved by:Per Table 8.9 (recommendations of ACI Committee 224), the maximum permissible crack width for reinforced concrPer §8.7, which of the following is named as a PRE-HARDENING (early-age) crack cause in concrete?Per §8.10, the principal carbonation reaction of hardened concrete with atmospheric carbon dioxide is:Per §8.10, the rate of carbonation of concrete is highest at relative humidity in approximately what range?Per §8.10, the carbonation of concrete is associated with which pH outcome that drives reinforcement corrosionPer §8.9, the 'Ocrate Process' described as a surface treatment for improving concrete durability consists of:Per §8.3.1 (Methods of Controlling Sulphate Attack), addition of pozzolana to cement helps because it:Per §8.3.3 (Action of Sewage), the chief mechanism by which domestic sewage damages concrete sewers (despite lPer §8.4.2 and Table 8.6, the coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete typically varies with:Per Table 8.1, the coefficient of permeability of cement paste at a fixed w/c of 0.7 drops by approximately hoPer §8.4.3, the fire resistance of reinforced concrete depends primarily on the type of concrete AND on the: