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The KIRCHHOFF hypothesis specifically excludes which physical effect?

AStretching
BTwisting
CTRANSVERSE SHEAR deformation — strains γ_xz and γ_yz are zero
DBending
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. TRANSVERSE SHEAR deformation — strains γ_xz and γ_yz are zero
**Kirchhoff:** γ_xz = γ_yz = 0 by assumption. This is fine for thin plates where shear deformation is negligible, but underpredicts deflection for thick plates (t/L > ~1/20). Mindlin-Reissner relaxes this assumption.
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