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While traversing a closed loop, a source gives a rise of $12\,\text{V}$ and three elements cause drops of $2\,\text{V}$, $3\,\text{V}$, and $4\,\text{V}$. What is the voltage drop across the fourth element?
A$1\,\text{V}$
B$2\,\text{V}$
C$3\,\text{V}$
D$5\,\text{V}$
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. $3\,\text{V}$
By KVL, total drops equal total rise. The source rise is $12\,\text{V}$. Known drops sum to $2+3+4=9\,\text{V}$, so the remaining drop is $12-9=3\,\text{V}$.