A Parliamentary System of Government is one in which

Answer: B. A PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM IS ONE IN WHICH THE GOVERNMENT IS RESPONSIBLE TO THE PARLIAMENT AND CAN BE REMOVED BY IT. The PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM (also called CABINET / WESTMINSTER MODEL) is a form of government in which the EXECUTIVE BRANCH DERIVES ITS LEGITIMACY FROM AND IS ACCOUNTABLE TO THE LEGISLATURE. CORE FEATURE: COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE EXECUTIVE TO THE LEGISLATURE. - The Prime Minister and Council of Ministers HOLD OFFICE SO LONG AS THEY ENJOY THE CONFIDENCE OF THE LEGISLATIVE MAJORITY. - If the legislature passes a vote of no-confidence, the government MUST RESIGN or seek dissolution of the legislature. - This is the DEFINING distinction from presidential systems where the executive has a fixed term independent of legislative confidence. In India, ARTICLE 75(3) of the Constitution states: 'The Council of Ministers shall be COLLECTIVELY RESPONSIBLE TO THE HOUSE OF THE PEOPLE.' This codifies the doctrine. Through votes of confidence and no-confidence (Rule 198 of Rules of Procedure), the Lok Sabha can remove the government. Examples of parliamentary systems: UK (the model), India, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Germany (with semi-parliamentary features), Japan, Italy, most European democracies. Other features of parliamentary systems (consequential, not definitional): - HEAD OF STATE (King/President) is separate from HEAD OF GOVERNMENT (Prime Minister). - HEAD OF STATE is largely CEREMONIAL/NOMINAL. - PM is chosen from the majority party/coalition in the LOK SABHA. - Cabinet members are usually members of Parliament. Why other options are WRONG: (A) 'All parties represented in government' — describes NATIONAL UNITY GOVERNMENTS or COALITION SYSTEMS, not parliamentary system generally. Opposition is essential. (C) 'Government elected by people, removable by people' — describes DIRECT DEMOCRACY or RECALL mechanisms, not parliamentary systems. (D) 'Fixed term, cannot be removed' — describes PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS (US, France, Brazil) with fixed terms. Source: NCERT Class 11 Indian Constitution at Work / Constitution of India Article 75 / Westminster model references.