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In long-term stress, cortisol drives which set of processes?
ACatabolism of glycogen, triglycerides and muscle protein
BSynthesis of glycogen, triglycerides and muscle protein
CCatabolism of glycogen with the storage of body fat
DSynthesis of glycogen with the release of body fat
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. Catabolism of glycogen, triglycerides and muscle protein
1. Glucocorticoids answer to corticotropin-releasing hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone during long-term stress.
2. Their overall effect is to inhibit tissue building while breaking stored nutrients down.
3. Cortisol therefore promotes catabolism of glycogen to glucose, of triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol, and of muscle protein to amino acids.
4. Those raw materials are used to make more glucose and ketones as body fuel.
5. Any option describing synthesis or fat storage reverses that catabolic direction.
_Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 17 "The Endocrine System", section 17.6 The Adrenal Glands_
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