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The diabetogenic effect of growth hormone raises blood glucose through which action?
AThe pancreas releases extra insulin after a meal
BThe kidneys reabsorb glucose from the filtrate
CThe liver breaks glycogen down into glucose
DThe muscles take up more glucose than usual
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. The liver breaks glycogen down into glucose
1. Growth hormone raises blood glucose by two separate routes.
2. The glucose-sparing route works through lipolysis, so tissues burn fatty acids and leave glucose in blood.
3. The diabetogenic route works on the liver, which breaks glycogen down to glucose and deposits it in blood.
4. The name comes from the resemblance to the high glucose of untreated diabetes mellitus.
5. Extra muscle uptake of glucose would lower blood glucose, so it is the opposite of the effect described.
6. Extra insulin release would also lower glucose, and renal reabsorption of filtered glucose is not part of growth hormone action.
_Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 17 "The Endocrine System", section 17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus_
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