Ricardo's grade average is exactly equal to his college's average, so his z-score is zero. What does that zero mean?

1. A z-score measures the gap between a value and the mean of its group. 2. Ricardo's average matches his college's average exactly. 3. So that gap is zero, and dividing zero by the standard deviation still gives zero. 4. A z-score of zero puts him precisely at the centre of the distribution. 5. It does not mean his grade average itself is zero, since zero here is a position, not a score. 6. It does not mean he is failing, because the average student at any college is not failing. 7. It does not put him below everyone, since roughly half his classmates sit below the average. _Source: OpenStax High School Statistics (CC BY 4.0), section 6.1 The Standard Normal Distribution_