In the logistic growth model, what does the constant c represent?

1. Exponential growth never levels off, which is unrealistic over a long run. 2. The logistic model adds an upper bound that the outputs approach but never pass. 3. That upper bound is c, the carrying capacity. 4. The starting value is c divided by 1 plus a, so it is smaller than c. _Source: OpenStax Precalculus (CC BY 4.0), section 4.7 Exponential and Logarithmic Models_