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A single cupcake is taken from a packet. Event A is that it is vanilla and event B is that it is red velvet. What are these two events?
AEqually likely ones
BMutually exclusive
CComplementary ones
DIndependent ones
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. Mutually exclusive
1. Only one cupcake is taken out of the packet.
2. That one cupcake cannot be a vanilla cupcake and a red velvet cupcake at the same time.
3. Two events that cannot occur at the same time are called mutually exclusive.
4. Their event sets share no elements at all, so the intersection is empty.
5. They are not complementary, because the packet also holds chocolate cupcakes that fall in neither event.
6. Nothing in the wording says the two flavours are present in equal numbers, so equally likely is an unsupported guess.
_Source: Siyavula Mathematics Grade 10 (Everything Maths, CC BY 4.0), Chapter 14: Probability_
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