Read these lines: "When government takes more money from business and consumers, a phenomenon known as crowding out occurs. The government spends more on public libraries, and individuals buy fewer books at bookstores. The government spends more on public education, and individuals spend less on private education." Which new situation best matches the pattern described in the quoted lines?

1. In each quoted example, public spending on a service rises and private spending on the matching service falls. 2. The libraries and bookstores pair shows the shape: a public offering replaces private purchases of the same kind of thing. 3. A free city gym pulling members away from a private gym repeats that exact shape, public provision displacing private spending. 4. Cheaper bus fares attracting riders describes demand for one public service, with no private provider losing out in the comparison. 5. Two private bookstores merging involves no public spending at all, so no crowding can occur. 6. Lower taxes with rising private spending runs the pattern in reverse, which is the opposite of crowding out. _Source: OpenStax Introduction to Business (CC BY 4.0), Ch 1 "Understanding Economic Systems and Business", section 1.5 Achieving Macroeconomic Goals_