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In the 1973 OPEC oil embargo example, an inelastic short-run demand scenario where the price of crude oil rose from $12 to $25 per barrel. What happened to the equilibrium quantity in that scenario?
AIt fell sharply, from 17 million to 8 million barrels per day
BIt rose, from 17 million to 20 million barrels per day
CIt stayed exactly at 17 million barrels per day
DIt fell only slightly, from 17 million to 16 million barrels per day
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. It fell only slightly, from 17 million to 16 million barrels per day
1. The source sets up 1973 US oil consumption at 17 million barrels per day at a price of $12 per barrel.
2. Under the inelastic short-run demand scenario, OPEC's supply cut pushed price up to $25 per barrel, roughly double the prior price.
3. Quantity fell only from 17 million to 16 million barrels per day, a comparatively small drop.
4. This large price change paired with a small quantity change is exactly what inelastic demand predicts, since quantity barely responds to price.
5. A large quantity drop, as in option A, would instead describe the more elastic long-run demand scenario the source contrasts it with.
_Source: OpenStax Principles of Microeconomics for AP Courses (CC BY 4.0), Ch 5 "Elasticity", section 5.3 | Elasticity and Pricing_
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