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What does the source say about the shear moduli of liquids and gases?
AThey are always much larger than the shear modulus of steel
BThey are nearly zero, since fluids flow instead of resisting shear forces
CThey are identical to the shear modulus of bone tissue
DThey simply cannot be defined for any fluid at all
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. They are nearly zero, since fluids flow instead of resisting shear forces
1. Shear modulus measures resistance to a sideways, shape-changing force.
2. Liquids and gases do not resist that kind of force the way a solid does, since they simply flow instead.
3. This is exactly why liquids and gases have shear moduli near zero.
4. Near zero is not the same as undefined, and it is far smaller than the shear modulus of a rigid material like steel or bone.
_Source: OpenStax College Physics (CC BY 4.0), Ch 5 "Further Applications of Newton's Laws: Friction, Drag, and Elasticity", section 5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain_
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