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Under Section 4 of the Information Technology Act, 2000, where any law requires that information be in writing or typewritten or printed form, the requirement is deemed to be satisfied if such information is:
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A.
1. Section 4 grants legal recognition to electronic records as the equivalent of written/typewritten/printed records.
2. The Lesson 17 paragraph on Electronic Governance reproduces the two conditions: (i) rendered or made available in electronic form; and (ii) accessible so as to be usable for subsequent reference.
3. The provision practically equates an electronic record with a manual or typed record.
4. The other answer options describe traditional paper-based authentication routes that the IT Act expressly replaces.
_Source: ICSI CS Executive Paper 1 (Jurisprudence, Interpretation & General Laws) — Lesson 17: Information Technology Act, 2000, pp. 407-419._
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