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Under Section 19 of the RTI Act, 2005, in any appeal proceedings, the burden of proving that a denial of a request for information was justified lies on:

Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D.
1. Section 19(5) places the burden of proof squarely on the PIO who denied the request. 2. The Lesson 16 appellate-authority section repeats this rule. 3. This reverses the ordinary civil-procedure presumption. 4. The reversal recognises the structural information asymmetry: the citizen does not know what is in the record, only the PIO does. _Source: ICSI CS Executive Paper 1 (Jurisprudence, Interpretation & General Laws) — Lesson 16: Right to Information Act, 2005, pp. 391-405._
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