Section 2(12) of the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 defines **"executed"** and…

Question

Section 2(12) of the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 defines **"executed"** and **"execution"**. According to the section, these words mean "signed" and "signature" respectively, and include:

Accepted Answer

C. {'text': 'Attribution of electronic record within the meaning of Section 11 of the Information Technology Act, 2000', 'label': 'C'}

1. Section 2(12) of the Act defines "executed" and "execution".
2. Used with reference to instruments, they mean "**signed**" and "**signature**" respectively.
3. They include **attribution of electronic record** within the meaning of **Section 11 of the Information Technology Act, 2000** (the e-signature regime).
4. Per Section 3(52) of the General Clauses Act, 1897, "signature" includes a **mark by an illiterate person** (e.g. thumb impression).
_Source: ICSI CS Executive Paper 1 — Jurisprudence, Interpretation & General Laws, Lesson 14 (Indian Stamp Act, 1899), pp. 337-353._

Answer

{'text': 'A mere mental assent given by the executant in the privacy of his home under any provision of any law in force in any State of India regardless of any other consideration of any kind under any law in force', 'label': 'A'}

Answer

{'text': 'A purely oral acknowledgement made by the executant in the presence of any third party of any description under any provision of any law in force in any State of India regardless of any other consideration of any kind', 'label': 'B'}

Answer

{'text': 'A telephonic communication made by the executant to any third party of any description under any provision of any law in force in any State of India regardless of any other consideration of any kind under any law in force', 'label': 'D'}