Section 2(1)(a) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 defines …

Question

Section 2(1)(a) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 defines **"arbitration"** as:

Accepted Answer

C. {'text': 'Any arbitration whether or not administered by a permanent arbitral institution', 'label': 'C'}

1. Section 2(1)(a) of the Act defines arbitration broadly as "**any arbitration whether or not administered by a permanent arbitral institution**".
2. This means both **ad-hoc** and **institutional** arbitrations are within the Act's scope.
3. The breadth was deliberate — the 1996 Act sought to give every arbitration the same procedural foundation.
4. The other options narrow the definition in ways the statute does not.
_Source: ICSI CS Executive Paper 1 — Jurisprudence, Interpretation & General Laws, Lesson 13 (Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996), pp. 297-303._

Answer

{'text': 'Only an arbitration of disputes arising out of any contract made in any State of India under any law in force in any State of India regardless of the consent of the parties to the dispute', 'label': 'A'}

Answer

{'text': 'Only an arbitration administered by a permanent arbitral institution of international repute under any law in force in any State of India regardless of the consent of the parties', 'label': 'B'}

Answer

{'text': 'Only an arbitration conducted before a sitting judge of the High Court of any State of India under any law in force in any State of India regardless of the consent of the parties to the dispute', 'label': 'D'}