Section 12 of the CPC ('Bar to further suit') provides:

1. **Section 12 of the CPC** ('Bar to further suit') provides: 'Section 12 puts a **bar to every suit** where **a plaintiff is precluded by rules from instituting a further suit in respect of any particular cause of action**. **Section comes into force only when a plaintiff is precluded by rules.**' 2. So Section 12 is a procedural backstop to Order 2 Rule 2 — splitting of claims / causes of action prevents further suits on the same cause. 3. Options B, C and D invent triggers tied to the nature of property or dispute, which Section 12 does not contain. 4. The provision works in tandem with the doctrine of *res judicata* (Section 11) and constructive *res judicata* (Explanation IV) to prevent piecemeal litigation. _Source: ICSI CS Executive — Lesson 8, 'Bar to further suit (Section 12)', p. 182._