Section 32 IEA, dealing with statements of persons who cannot be called as witnesses (dying declarations etc.), enumerates how many circumstances where such statements are relevant?
AFive enumerated circumstances
BTen enumerated circumstances
CEight enumerated circumstances
DTwelve enumerated circumstances
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. Eight enumerated circumstances
1. Section 32 IEA enumerates EIGHT circumstances in which statements (written or verbal) of relevant facts made by a person who is dead, cannot be found, has become incapable, or whose attendance cannot be procured without unreasonable delay or expense, are themselves relevant:
2. (1) Cause of death (dying declaration); (2) statements in course of business (e.g. entries in books of account); (3) statements against pecuniary or proprietary interest; (4) statements giving opinion as to public right or custom; (5) statements relating to existence of any relationship by blood, marriage or adoption; (6) statements relating to relationship in any will, deed, family pedigree; (7) statements in any document relating to any transaction mentioned in Section 13(a); (8) statements made by several persons expressing feelings or impressions.
3. The most commonly invoked is (1) — DYING DECLARATION (Khushal Rao v. State of Bombay, AIR 1958 SC 22).
4. Hence option B (eight) is correct.
_Source: Indian Penal Code 1860 / Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 / Indian Evidence Act 1872 (Bare Acts, indiacode.nic.in) — Indian Evidence Act, Section 32_
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