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In *Rudal Shah v. State of Bihar, AIR 1983 SC 1086*, the Supreme Court awarded damages against the State despite the absence of a statutory liability scheme. The case concerned:
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C.
1. **Rudal Shah v. State of Bihar, AIR 1983 SC 1086** is a foundational case on constitutional tort and State liability for violations of Article 21.
2. The petitioner had been **detained illegally in prison for over fourteen years after his acquittal** in a full-dressed trial.
3. The Supreme Court awarded **Rs. 30,000 as damages** to the petitioner, even though there was no statutory scheme of compensation, on the ground that the State had violated his fundamental right to personal liberty under Article 21.
4. *Bhim Singh v. State of J&K, AIR 1986 SC 494* (illegal detention of MLA — Rs. 50,000) and *Saheli v. Commissioner of Police, AIR 1990 SC 513* (death of a 9-year-old boy due to police beating — Rs. 75,000) are companion cases expanding constitutional damages for civil liberties violations.
_Source: ICSI CS Executive — Lesson 5, 'Damages', p. 131._
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