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The ICSI material lists five exceptions to the application of natural justice. Which of the following is NOT one of those exceptions?
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A.
1. The ICSI text lists **five exceptions** to natural justice: (1) **Statutory Exclusion**, (2) **Emergency**, (3) **Interim disciplinary action**, (4) **Academic evaluation**, and (5) **Impracticability**.
2. *Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, AIR 1978 SC 597* — a passport may be impounded in public interest without compliance with natural justice, but post-decisional hearing must be given as soon as possible.
3. *Abhay Kumar v. K. Srinivasan, AIR 1981 Delhi 381* — debarring a student pending a criminal case was interim and not final; natural justice did not apply.
4. *P. Radhakrishna v. Osmania University, AIR 1974 AP 283* — entire MBA entrance cancelled due to mass copying; impracticable to hear every examinee. **'Difficulty in serving notice in writing'** is not an enumerated exception under this framework — option D is the trap.
_Source: ICSI CS Executive — Lesson 5, 'Exceptions to Natural Justice', pp. 126-127._
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