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Modes of judicial control of administrative action in India are conveniently grouped into three heads. Which of the following is NOT one of the three?
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C.
1. The ICSI text identifies three heads of judicial control: (A) **Constitutional**, (B) **Statutory**, and (C) **Ordinary or Equitable**.
2. **'Administrative'** is NOT one of the modes — administrative action is the *subject* of judicial control, not a mode of it.
3. The ICSI in-line question box confirms: 'Which one of the following is not a type of judicial control of administrative action? Answer: (C) Administrative.'
4. Constitutional control rests on Articles 13, 32, 226 and 245; statutory control covers appeals and references under specific statutes; ordinary or equitable control covers injunctions, declaratory action and action for damages.
_Source: ICSI CS Executive — Lesson 5, 'Judicial Control over Administrative Actions' + question box, pp. 119, 124._
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