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Which feature, according to the majority view in 'Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala', forms part of the basic structure of the Indian Constitution?
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B.
1. In *Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, AIR 1973 SC 1461*, a thirteen-judge bench by majority held that the **federal features form part of the basic structure** of the Indian Constitution and cannot be abrogated even by a constitutional amendment.
2. The ICSI text records this in the 'Structure' section: 'the majority of the Supreme Court judges in Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala were of the view that the federal features form the basic structure of the Indian Constitution'.
3. The Indian Constitution is *basically federal but with certain unitary features* — so calling its character 'unitary' is inaccurate. Option C is wrong: residuary powers are vested in the **Union**, not the States. Option D contradicts the rule of single citizenship in India.
_Source: ICSI CS Executive — Lesson 2, 'Structure', p. 26._
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