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The 'twin test' of permissible classification was supplemented by a seven-point summary of Article 14 in a 1958 Supreme Court decision. Identify the case.
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D.
1. The seven-point summary of Article 14 — including 'Article 14 forbids class legislation but not classification', 'mathematical nicety is not required', 'a single individual may be treated as a class by himself', and 'presumption of constitutionality' — was articulated in **Ram Kishan Dalmiya v. Justice Tendulkar, AIR 1958 SC 538**.
2. *Anwar Ali Sarkar* (1952) gave us the two-condition twin test, but the consolidated seven-point summary is a Dalmiya contribution.
3. The 2006 *Confederation of Ex-Servicemen* judgment restated and re-affirmed the twin test rather than introducing a new summary.
4. *Dharam Dutt* clarified that intelligible differentia need not be scientifically perfect or logically complete.
_Source: ICSI CS Executive — Lesson 2, 'Scope of Article 14', p. 34._
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