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In which landmark case did the Supreme Court hold that Article 14 strikes at *arbitrariness* in State action, and that an arbitrary action must necessarily involve a negation of equality?
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C.
1. **Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, AIR 1978 SC 597** ushered in the new dimension of Article 14.
2. The Court held that Article 14 strikes at arbitrariness in State action and ensures fairness and equality of treatment.
3. The principle of reasonableness is an essential element of equality or non-arbitrariness, which pervades Article 14 like a 'brooding omnipresence'.
4. *Gopalan* is the earlier formalist reading of personal liberty; *Kesavananda* established the basic structure doctrine; *Bhikaji* gave us the doctrine of eclipse.
_Source: ICSI CS Executive — Lesson 2, Article 14 discussion, p. 35 ¶6._
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